The expensive infrastructure works led to the city becoming bankrupt in 1817 during the Post-Napoleonic depression, an economic downturn immediately after the Napoleonic Wars but the city's prosperity later recovered. The council began major road improvements at the end of the 18th century with the main thoroughfares of George Street, King Street and Union Street all completed at the beginning of the 19th century. In the 18th century, a new Town Hall was built and the first social services appeared with the Infirmary at Woolmanhill in 1742 and the Lunatic Asylum in 1779. In 1647 an outbreak of bubonic plague killed a quarter of the population. In 1644, it was taken and ransacked by Royalist troops after the Battle of Aberdeen and two years later it was stormed by a Royalist force under the command of the Marquis of Huntly. ĭuring the Wars of the Three Kingdoms of 1644 to 1647 the city was plundered by both sides. The earliest eight volumes, from 1398 to 1511, have been included in the UNESCO UK Memory of the World Register, and have been edited in a digital edition. The city was strongly fortified to prevent attacks by neighbouring lords, but the gates were removed by 1770.Īberdeen's medieval council registers survive from 1398 onwards and are exceptional for their quantity and continuity among surviving Scottish burgh records. The city was burned by Edward III of England in 1336, but was rebuilt and extended. ĭuring the Wars of Scottish Independence, Aberdeen was under English rule, so Robert the Bruce laid siege to Aberdeen Castle before destroying it in 1308, followed by executing the English garrison. Granted with it was the nearby Forest of Stocket, whose income formed the basis for the city's Common Good Fund which still benefits Aberdonians. In 1319, the Great Charter of Robert the Bruce transformed Aberdeen into a property-owning and financially independent community. The earliest charter was granted by William the Lion in 1179 and confirmed the corporate rights granted by David I. The city began as two separate burghs: Old Aberdeen at the mouth of the river Don and New Aberdeen, a fishing and trading settlement, where the Denburn waterway entered the river Dee estuary. The Aberdeen area has seen human settlement for at least 8,000 years. Once a separate burgh, Old Aberdeen was incorporated into the city in 1891 In 2018, Aberdeen was found to be the best city in the UK to start a business in a study released by card payment firm Paymentsense. In 2012, HSBC named Aberdeen as a leading business hub and one of eight 'super cities' spearheading the UK's economy, marking it as the only city in Scotland so designated. Aberdeen Heliport is one of the busiest commercial heliports in the world and the seaport is the largest in the north-east of Scotland. The traditional industries of fishing, paper-making, shipbuilding, and textiles have been overtaken by the oil industry and Aberdeen's seaport. The city has two universities, the University of Aberdeen, in Old Aberdeen, founded in 1495, and Robert Gordon University, in Garthdee, which was awarded university status in 1992, making Aberdeen the educational centre of north-east Scotland. The city has a long, sandy coastline and a marine climate, the latter resulting in chilly summers and mild winters.Īberdeen received Royal burgh status from David I of Scotland (1124–1153), transforming the city economically. The area around Aberdeen has been settled for at least 8,000 years, when prehistoric villages lay around the mouths of the rivers Dee and Don. Since the discovery of North Sea oil in 1969, Aberdeen has been known as the offshore oil capital of Europe. ĭuring the mid-18th to mid-20th centuries, Aberdeen's buildings incorporated locally quarried grey granite, which may sparkle like silver because of its high mica content. It is the third most populous city in Scotland, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas (as Aberdeen City ) and the United Kingdom's 39th most populous built-up area, with an official 2018 population estimate ofĢ00,680 for the city of Aberdeen and 227,560 for the local council area. Aberdeen ( / ˌ æ b ər ˈ d iː n/ ( listen) Scots: Aiberdeen ( listen) Scottish Gaelic: Obar Dheathain Latin: Aberdonia) is a city in North East Scotland.
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